Everything about Bernard Gui totally explained
Bernard Gui (
1261 or
1262 –
30 December 1331), also known as
Bernardo Gui or
Bernardus Guidonis, was an
inquisitor of the
Dominican Order in the
Late Middle Ages during the
Medieval Inquisition,
Bishop of Lodève, and one of the most prolific writers of the Middle Ages. He is known for his tenure as Inquisitor of
Toulouse against the Albigenses at the behest of
Pope Clement V between 1307 and 1323.
Biography
He was born at
Royères, in the
Limousin, in 1261.
He entered the Dominican Convent at Limoges, and made his profession in 1280. Ten Years later he was made Prior of
Albi, and subsequently at
Carcassonne, at
Castres, and at
Limoges.
Working in the area of
Toulouse (in modern
France), his inquisition of those examined as suspected, known, reputed, or accused of the crime of
heresy or support to
heretics, led to over 900 guilty verdicts in fifteen years of office. People convicted of heresy during the time of the
Inquisition were turned over to the secular arm (
Nobles and city leaders) for punishment. Out of all those convicted during examination by Gui, 42 were executed. The four sects of Christian
heretics Gui wrote about in his Inquisitor’s Guide were the
Manicheans, the sect of the
Waldensians, the sect of False Apostles, and the
Béguin sect. Other groups which were not considered Christian but were cited in Gui’s Inquisitor’s Guide as “treacherous” were
Jews, as well as
Sorcerers,
Fortune-tellers, and
those who Summon Demons.
In recompense for his services as Inquisitor he was made Bishop of
Tui in
Galicia, by
Pope John XXII, and a year later
Bishop of Lodève.
Bernard Gui died at the castle of
Lauroux in the
Hérault, south-western
France, 30 December, 1331.
Works and legacy
In spite of his manifold occupations he wrote numerous works of importance such as
Flores chronicorum or "Anthology of the chronicles", which is a
universal history to
1331; "Chronique abrégée des empereurs", "Chronique des rois de France", "Catalogue des Évêques de Limoges", "Traité sur les saints du Limousin", "Traité sur l'histoire de l'abbaye de St. Augustin de Limoges", "Chronique des Prieurs de Grandmont" (as far as 1318), "Chronique des Prieurs d'Artize" (as far as 1313), "Chronique des évêques de Toulouse" (as far as 1327), "Sanctoral ou Miroir des saints", "Vie des saints", "Traité sur les soixante-douze disciples et sur les apôtres", "Traité sur l'époque de la célébration des conciles" and "Compilation historique sur l'ordre des Dominicains".
His most important and famous work,
Practica Inquisitionis Heretice Pravitatis or "Conduct of the Inquisition into Heretical Wickedness", gives a list of serious
heresies in the early
14th century, and advises inquisitors how to deal with the questioning of members of particular groups. It is an exposé of the prerogatives and duties of the inquisitor: its citations, its forms of condemnation, its instructions for examinations, constitute a unique document for the study of the Inquisition during the first period of its existence. This work, lost for a time, was finally published in full by the abbé Douais at Toulouse in 1886.
Bernard is also the author of a number of theological treatises; "Abrégé de la doctrine chrétienne", "Traité de la messe", "Traité sur la conception de la Vierge" and also of various sermons.
Bernard Gui (as Bernardo Gui) is a character in the historical novel
The Name of the Rose by
Umberto Eco. In the 1986 movie based on the book, his part was played by
F. Murray Abraham. Bernard Gui also appears in the historical novels of
Catherine Jinks, including
The Notary (2001, as an antagonist), and
The Secret Familiar (2006, as a protagonist).
Sources
(incomplete)
Further Information
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